Common modalities of slavery:
Forced Labour involving coercion against one’s will and threat of punishment. The practice is typically found in industries with little regulation and large workforces.
Domestic Service As authorities are unable to inspect homes easily, this type of slavery is easy to conceal. Domestic servitude often affects migrant workers who incur a debt with their employer to meet travel or recruitment costs that they cannot afford.
Forced Marriage when an individual does not have the option to refuse marriage, is married to another person by their own relatives or married in exchange for a payment. The main motivation for this kind of slavery is cultural tradition or threats.
Debt bondage occurs when an individual is forced to work to repay a debt. Often escalating expenses make repayment impossible and slavery permanent. Migrant workers who incur debts to cover travel or housing are particularly vulnerable to this type of slavery. Debts can also be generational.
Sex Trafficking occurs when women, men or children are forced to engage in sexual acts for commercial purposes. Those living in extreme poverty are particularly vulnerable to this practice because of economic marginalisation and limited education, often lured abroad through false employment opportunities.
Child Labour a quarter of victims of slavery are children, and many are involved in occupations that are mentally or physically harmful. The demand for cheap labour with specific physical characteristics increases the use of child labourers. Children are also easier to control and generally do not require better working conditions or remuneration.